TEXT 1

VERZ 1

Devanagari

श्रीभगवानुवाच
इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम् ।
विवस्वान्मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत् ॥ १ ॥

Text

Besedilo

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
imaṁ vivasvate yogaṁ
proktavān aham avyayam
vivasvān manave prāha
manur ikṣvākave ’bravīt

Synonyms

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — the Supreme Personality of Godhead said; imam — this; vivasvate — unto the sun-god; yogam — the science of one’s relationship to the Supreme; proktavān — instructed; aham — I; avyayam — imperishable; vivasvān — Vivasvān (the sun-god’s name); manave — unto the father of mankind (of the name Vaivasvata); prāha — told; manuḥ — the father of mankind; ikṣvākave — unto King Ikṣvāku; abravīt — said.

śrī-bhagavān uvāca – Gospod Śrī Kṛṣṇa, Vsevišnja Božanska Osebnost, je rekel; imam – to; vivasvate – bogu Sonca; yogam – znanost o odnosu živega bitja z Vsevišnjim; proktavān – razodel; aham – Jaz; avyayam – večno; vivasvān – Vivasvān (ime boga Sonca); manave – očetu človeštva (po imenu Vaivasvata); prāha – je izgovoril; manuḥ – oče človeštva; ikṣvākave – kralju Ikṣvākuju; abravīt – je povedal.

Translation

The Personality of Godhead, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, said: I instructed this imperishable science of yoga to the sun-god, Vivasvān, and Vivasvān instructed it to Manu, the father of mankind, and Manu in turn instructed it to Ikṣvāku.

Gospod Śrī Kṛṣṇa, Božanska Osebnost, je rekel: To večno znanost o yogi sem razodel bogu Sonca Vivasvānu, Vivasvān je o njej poučil Manuja, očeta človeštva, Manu pa Ikṣvākuja.

Purport

Herein we find the history of the Bhagavad-gītā traced from a remote time when it was delivered to the royal order of all planets, beginning from the sun planet. The kings of all planets are especially meant for the protection of the inhabitants, and therefore the royal order should understand the science of Bhagavad-gītā in order to be able to rule the citizens and protect them from material bondage to lust. Human life is meant for cultivation of spiritual knowledge, in eternal relationship with the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and the executive heads of all states and all planets are obliged to impart this lesson to the citizens by education, culture and devotion. In other words, the executive heads of all states are intended to spread the science of Kṛṣṇa consciousness so that the people may take advantage of this great science and pursue a successful path, utilizing the opportunity of the human form of life.

V tem verzu Gospod opisuje zgodovino Bhagavad-gīte od davnega časa, ko je bil o njej poučen kralj Sonca, potem pa še kralji vseh drugih planetov. Glavna naloga kraljev vseh planetov je, da ščitijo prebivalce. Da bi kraljevski stan lahko vladal državljanom in jih zaščitil pred sponami materialnega poželenja, mora razumeti znanost Bhagavad-gīte. Človeško življenje je namenjeno negovanju duhovnega znanja o našem večnem odnosu z Vsevišnjo Božansko Osebnostjo, zato je dolžnost voditeljev vseh držav na vseh planetih, da z vzgojo, kulturo in vdanim služenjem o tem poučijo državljane. Voditelji vseh držav bi morali torej širiti filozofijo zavesti Kṛṣṇe, da bi imeli ljudje korist od te velike znanosti in bi lahko dosegli popolnost ter tako izkoristili priložnost, ki jo daje človeška oblika življenja.

In this millennium, the sun-god is known as Vivasvān, the king of the sun, which is the origin of all planets within the solar system. In the Brahma-saṁhitā (5.52) it is stated:

V tej dobi se bog Sonca imenuje Vivasvān in kraljuje Soncu, izvoru vseh drugih planetov univerzuma. V Brahma-saṁhiti (5.52) je rečeno:

yac-cakṣur eṣa savitā sakala-grahāṇāṁ
rājā samasta-sura-mūrtir aśeṣa-tejāḥ
yasyājñayā bhramati sambhṛta-kāla-cakro
govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi

“Let me worship,” Lord Brahmā said, “the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Govinda [Kṛṣṇa], who is the original person and under whose order the sun, which is the king of all planets, is assuming immense power and heat. The sun represents the eye of the Lord and traverses its orbit in obedience to His order.”

„Častim Govindo [Kṛṣṇo], Vsevišnjo Božansko Osebnost,“ je dejal Brahmā, „ki je izvorna oseba in po čigar ukazu Sonce, kralj vseh planetov, izžareva brezmejno moč in toploto. Sonce predstavlja Gospodovo oko in se giblje po orbiti na Njegov ukaz.“

The sun is the king of the planets, and the sun-god (at present of the name Vivasvān) rules the sun planet, which is controlling all other planets by supplying heat and light. He is rotating under the order of Kṛṣṇa, and Lord Kṛṣṇa originally made Vivasvān His first disciple to understand the science of Bhagavad-gītā. The Gītā is not, therefore, a speculative treatise for the insignificant mundane scholar but is a standard book of knowledge coming down from time immemorial.

Sonce, ki mu vlada bog Sonca (zdajšnjemu je ime Vivasvān), je kralj vseh planetov in le-te oskrbuje s toploto in svetlobo. Kroži po ukazu Kṛṣṇe, ki je sprejel Vivasvāna za Svojega prvega učenca in ga poučil o Bhagavad-gīti. Gītā torej ni filozofska razprava, namenjena nepomembnim posvetnim učenjakom, temveč temeljna knjiga znanja iz pradavnih časov.

In the Mahābhārata (Śānti-parva 348.51–52) we can trace out the history of the Gītā as follows:

V Mahābhārati (Śānti-parva 348.51–52) je zgodovina Gīte opisana takole:

tretā-yugādau ca tato
vivasvān manave dadau
manuś ca loka-bhṛty-arthaṁ
sutāyekṣvākave dadau
ikṣvākuṇā ca kathito
vyāpya lokān avasthitaḥ

“In the beginning of the millennium known as Tretā-yuga this science of the relationship with the Supreme was delivered by Vivasvān to Manu. Manu, being the father of mankind, gave it to his son Mahārāja Ikṣvāku, the king of this earth planet and forefather of the Raghu dynasty, in which Lord Rāmacandra appeared.” Therefore, Bhagavad-gītā existed in human society from the time of Mahārāja Ikṣvāku.

„Na začetku dobe po imenu tretā-yuga je Vivasvān to znanost o odnosu med živimi bitji in Vsevišnjim predal Manuju. Manu, oče človeštva, je o njej poučil svojega sina Mahārājo Ikṣvākuja, kralja planeta Zemlje in praočeta dinastije Raghujev, v kateri se je pojavil Gospod Rāmacandra.“ Bhagavad-gītā je torej človeški družbi poznana že od časa Mahārāje Ikṣvākuja.

At the present moment we have just passed through five thousand years of the Kali-yuga, which lasts 432,000 years. Before this there was Dvāpara-yuga (800,000 years), and before that there was Tretā-yuga (1,200,000 years). Thus, some 2,005,000 years ago, Manu spoke the Bhagavad-gītā to his disciple and son Mahārāja Ikṣvāku, the king of this planet earth. The age of the current Manu is calculated to last some 305,300,000 years, of which 120,400,000 have passed. Accepting that before the birth of Manu the Gītā was spoken by the Lord to His disciple the sun-god Vivasvān, a rough estimate is that the Gītā was spoken at least 120,400,000 years ago; and in human society it has been extant for two million years. It was respoken by the Lord again to Arjuna about five thousand years ago. That is the rough estimate of the history of the Gītā, according to the Gītā itself and according to the version of the speaker, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa. It was spoken to the sun-god Vivasvān because he is also a kṣatriya and is the father of all kṣatriyas who are descendants of the sun-god, or the sūrya-vaṁśa kṣatriyas. Because Bhagavad-gītā is as good as the Vedas, being spoken by the Supreme Personality of Godhead, this knowledge is apauruṣeya, superhuman. Since the Vedic instructions are accepted as they are, without human interpretation, the Gītā must therefore be accepted without mundane interpretation. The mundane wranglers may speculate on the Gītā in their own ways, but that is not Bhagavad-gītā as it is. Therefore, Bhagavad-gītā has to be accepted as it is, from the disciplic succession, and it is described herein that the Lord spoke to the sun-god, the sun-god spoke to his son Manu, and Manu spoke to his son Ikṣvāku.

Od začetka kali-yuge, ki traja 432 000 let, je minilo pet tisoč let. Pred tem je bila dvāpara-yuga (ki je trajala 800 000 let), pred njo pa tretā-yuga (ta je trajala 1 200 000 let). Manu je torej prenesel Bhagavad-gīto svojemu sinu in učencu Mahārāji Ikṣvākuju, kralju planeta Zemlje, pred približno 2 005 000 leti. Izračunano je, da traja doba zdajšnjega Manuja približno 305 300 000 let, od katerih je minilo 120 400 000 let. Gospod je pred Manujevim rojstvom izgovoril Gīto Svojemu učencu, bogu Sonca Vivasvānu, kar pomeni, da je bila Gītā po grobi oceni izgovorjena pred najmanj 120 400 000 leti. Človeška družba jo pozna dva milijona let. Pred približno pet tisoč leti jo je Gospod znova razodel Arjuni. To je kratka zgodovina Gīte, kakor jo navajata Gītā sama in njen govornik, Gospod Śrī Kṛṣṇa. Gospod je razodel Gīto bogu Sonca Vivasvānu, ker je tudi slednji kṣatriya; Vivasvān je oče mnogih kṣatrij, imenovanih sūrya-vaṁśa kṣatriye ali kṣatriye, ki so potomci boga Sonca. Bhagavad-gītā je enakovredna Vedam, saj jo je izgovoril Vsevišnji Gospod, zato je znanje, ki ga vsebuje, apauruṣeya, nadčloveško. Ker je treba navodila iz Ved sprejeti taka, kakršna so, ne da bi jih po svoje razlagali, moramo tako sprejeti tudi Gīto in ne smemo poslušati posvetnih razlag. Posvetni razpravljalci jo lahko po svoje razlagajo, ampak to ni Bhagavad-gītā, kakršna je. Bhagavad-gīto moramo sprejeti táko, kakršna je, preko nasledstva duhovnih učiteljev, o katerem govori ta verz: Gospod jo je izgovoril bogu Sonca, bog Sonca Manuju, Manu pa svojemu sinu Ikṣvākuju.