TEXT 2

Tekst

Text

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṁ
viṣame samupasthitam
anārya-juṣṭam asvargyam
akīrti-karam arjuna

Synonyms

śrī-bhagavān uvāca – Svevišnja Božanska Osoba reče; kutaḥ – otkuda; tvā – tebi; kaśmalam – nečisto; idam – ovo jadikovanje; viṣame – u presudnom trenutku; samupasthitam – došlo; anārya – osobe koje ne znaju vrijednosti života; juṣṭam – primjenjuju; asvargyam – ne vodi k višim planetima; akīrti – nečasti; karam – uzrok; arjuna – o Arjuna.

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — the Supreme Personality of Godhead said; kutaḥ — wherefrom; tvā — unto you; kaśmalam — dirtiness; idam — this lamentation; viṣame — in this hour of crisis; samupasthitam — arrived; anārya — persons who do not know the value of life; juṣṭam — practiced by; asvargyam — which does not lead to higher planets; akīrti — infamy; karam — the cause of; arjuna — O Arjuna.

Translation

Svevišnja Božanska Osoba reče: Dragi Moj Arjuna, kako su te obuzele te nečistoće? One ne priliče čovjeku koji poznaje vrijednosti života i ne vode k višim planetima, već k nečasti.

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: My dear Arjuna, how have these impurities come upon you? They are not at all befitting a man who knows the value of life. They lead not to higher planets but to infamy.

Purport

SMISAO: Kṛṣṇa i Svevišnja Božanska Osoba istovjetni su. Stoga se Gospodin Kṛṣṇa u čitavoj Bhagavad-gīti oslovljava kao Bhagavān. Bhagavān je krajnji vid Apsolutne Istine. Apsolutna Istina spoznaje se u tri stadija razumijevanja: kao Brahman, odnosno neosobni sveprožimajući duh, kao Paramātmā, lokalizirani vid Svevišnjeg prisutan u srcu svih živih bića, i kao Bhagavān, odnosno Svevišnja Božanska Osoba, Śrī Kṛṣṇa. Ovo shvaćanje Apsolutne Istine objašnjeno je u Śrīmad-Bhāgavatamu (1.2.11):

Kṛṣṇa and the Supreme Personality of Godhead are identical. Therefore Lord Kṛṣṇa is referred to as Bhagavān throughout the Gītā. Bhagavān is the ultimate in the Absolute Truth. The Absolute Truth is realized in three phases of understanding, namely Brahman, or the impersonal all-pervasive spirit; Paramātmā, or the localized aspect of the Supreme within the heart of all living entities; and Bhagavān, or the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Kṛṣṇa. In the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (1.2.11) this conception of the Absolute Truth is explained thus:

vadanti tat tattva-vidas
tattvaṁ yaj jñānam advayam
brahmeti paramātmeti
bhagavān iti śabdyate

„Poznavatelji Apsolutne Istine spoznaju Apsolutnu Istinu u tri istovjetna vida, opisana kao Brahman, Paramātmā i Bhagavān."

“The Absolute Truth is realized in three phases of understanding by the knower of the Absolute Truth, and all of them are identical. Such phases of the Absolute Truth are expressed as Brahman, Paramātmā and Bhagavān.”

Ta tri božanska vida mogu se objasniti na primjeru Sunca, koje također ima tri različita vida: Sunčevu svjetlost, Sunčevu površinu i Sunčev planet. Onaj tko proučava samo Sunčevu svjetlost je početnik. Onaj tko shvaća Sunčevu površinu je napredniji, ali onaj tko može otići na Sunce je najnapredniji. Obični studenti koji su zadovoljni s razumijevanjem same Sunčeve svjetlosti – njezina prožimanja svega i blještavoga sjaja njezine neosobne prirode – mogu se usporediti s onima koji spoznaju samo Brahman, neosobni vid Apsolutne Istine. Student koji je dalje napredovao može spoznati Sunčevu površinu, koja se uspoređuje sa znanjem o Paramātmi, lokaliziranu vidu Apsolutne Istine. Student koji može ući u srce Sunca uspoređuje se s onima koji su spoznali osobni vid Vrhovne Apsolutne Istine. Prema tome, bhakte, tj. transcendentalisti koji su spoznali Bhagavāna (osobni vid Apsolutne Istine), vrhunski su transcendentalisti, iako svi studenti koji proučavaju Apsolutnu Istinu proučavaju isti predmet. Sunčeva svjetlost, Sunčeva površina i unutarnja zbivanja na Suncu ne mogu se odvojiti jedno od drugoga, ali studenti koji proučavaju različite vidove ne pripadaju istoj kategoriji.

These three divine aspects can be explained by the example of the sun, which also has three different aspects, namely the sunshine, the sun’s surface and the sun planet itself. One who studies the sunshine only is the preliminary student. One who understands the sun’s surface is further advanced. And one who can enter into the sun planet is the highest. Ordinary students who are satisfied by simply understanding the sunshine – its universal pervasiveness and the glaring effulgence of its impersonal nature – may be compared to those who can realize only the Brahman feature of the Absolute Truth. The student who has advanced still further can know the sun disc, which is compared to knowledge of the Paramātmā feature of the Absolute Truth. And the student who can enter into the heart of the sun planet is compared to those who realize the personal features of the Supreme Absolute Truth. Therefore, the bhaktas, or the transcendentalists who have realized the Bhagavān feature of the Absolute Truth, are the topmost transcendentalists, although all students who are engaged in the study of the Absolute Truth are engaged in the same subject matter. The sunshine, the sun disc and the inner affairs of the sun planet cannot be separated from one another, and yet the students of the three different phases are not in the same category.

Sanskritsku riječ bhagavān objasnio je veliki autoritet Parāśara Muni, otac Vyāsadeve. Svevišnja Osoba koja posjeduje sve bogatstvo, svu snagu, svu slavu, svu ljepotu, sve znanje i svu moć odricanja naziva se Bhagavān. Ima mnogo osoba koje su vrlo bogate, vrlo moćne, vrlo lijepe, vrlo slavne i vrlo učene, s velikom moći odricanja, ali nitko ne može tvrditi da u cijelosti posjeduje sve bogatstvo, svu snagu itd. To može tvrditi samo Kṛṣṇa, jer je Svevišnja Božanska Osoba. Nijedno živo biće, pa čak ni Brahmā, Śiva ili Nārāyaṇa, ne može posjedovati sve obilje u potpunosti kao Kṛṣṇa. Stoga je sam Brahmā u Brahma-saṁhiti zaključio da je Gospodin Kṛṣṇa Svevišnja Božanska Osoba. Nitko Mu nije ravan niti je itko viši od Njega. On je prvobitni Gospodin, odnosno Bhagavān, poznat kao Govinda i vrhovni je uzrok svih uzroka:

The Sanskrit word bhagavān is explained by the great authority Parāśara Muni, the father of Vyāsadeva. The Supreme Personality who possesses all riches, all strength, all fame, all beauty, all knowledge and all renunciation is called Bhagavān. There are many persons who are very rich, very powerful, very beautiful, very famous, very learned and very much detached, but no one can claim that he possesses all riches, all strength, etc., entirely. Only Kṛṣṇa can claim this because He is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. No living entity, including Brahmā, Lord Śiva or Nārāyaṇa, can possess opulences as fully as Kṛṣṇa. Therefore it is concluded in the Brahma-saṁhitā by Lord Brahmā himself that Lord Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. No one is equal to or above Him. He is the primeval Lord, or Bhagavān, known as Govinda, and He is the supreme cause of all causes:

īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ
sac-cid-ānanda-vigrahaḥ
anādir ādir govindaḥ
sarva-kāraṇa-kāraṇam

„Ima mnogo osoba koje posjeduju odlike Bhagavāna, ali Kṛṣṇa je vrhovni jer Ga nitko ne može nadmašiti. On je Vrhovna Osoba, a Njegovo je tijelo vječno, puno znanja i blaženstva. On je prvobitni Gospodin Govinda i uzrok svih uzroka." (Brahma-saṁhitā 5.1)

“There are many personalities possessing the qualities of Bhagavān, but Kṛṣṇa is the supreme because none can excel Him. He is the Supreme Person, and His body is eternal, full of knowledge and bliss. He is the primeval Lord Govinda and the cause of all causes.” (Brahma-saṁhitā 5.1)

U Bhāgavatamu postoji popis brojnih inkarnacija Svevišnje Božanske Osobe, ali Kṛṣṇa je opisan kao izvorna Božanska Osoba, od koje potječu brojne inkarnacije i Božanske Osobe:

In the Bhāgavatam also there is a list of many incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, but Kṛṣṇa is described as the original Personality of Godhead, from whom many, many incarnations and Personalities of Godhead expand:

ete cāṁśa-kalāḥ puṁsaḥ
kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam
indrāri-vyākulaṁ lokaṁ
mṛḍayanti yuge yuge

„Sve ovdje navedene inkarnacije predstavljaju potpune ekspanzije ili ekspanzije potpunih ekspanzija Vrhovnog Boga, ali Kṛṣṇa je sama Svevišnja Božanska Osoba." (Bhāg. 1.3.28)

“All the lists of the incarnations of Godhead submitted herewith are either plenary expansions or parts of the plenary expansions of the Supreme Godhead, but Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself.” (Bhāg. 1.3.28)

Prema tome, Kṛṣṇa je izvorna Svevišnja Božanska Osoba, Apsolutna Istina, izvor Nad-duše i neosobnog Brahmana.

Therefore, Kṛṣṇa is the original Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Absolute Truth, the source of both the Supersoul and the impersonal Brahman.

U nazočnosti Svevišnje Božanske Osobe Arjunino je jadikovanje nad rođacima neumjesno i zato je Kṛṣṇa izrazio Svoje čuđenje riječju kutaḥ, „otkuda". Takve se nečistoće nikada ne očekuju od osobe koja pripada civiliziranim ljudima poznatim kao Arijci. Riječ Arijac odnosi se na osobe koje poznaju vrijednosti života i čija se civilizacija temelji na duhovnoj spoznaji. Osobe vođene materijalnim shvaćanjem života ne znaju da je cilj života spoznaja Apsolutne Istine, Viṣṇua ili Bhagavāna. Opčinjene vanjskim obilježjima materijalnog svijeta, ne znaju što je oslobođenje. Osobe koje nemaju znanje o oslobođenju od materijalnog ropstva nazivaju se ne-Arijcima. Premda je Arjuna bio kṣatriya, odstupio je od svojih propisanih dužnosti odbijajući da se bori. Opisano je da takvo kukavičko djelo ne dolikuje Arijcima. Takvo odstupanje od dužnosti ne pomaže osobi da napreduje u duhovnom životu niti joj pruža priliku da postane slavna u ovom svijetu. Gospodin Kṛṣṇa nije odobrio Arjuninu tobožnju samilost prema vlastitim rođacima.

In the presence of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Arjuna’s lamentation for his kinsmen is certainly unbecoming, and therefore Kṛṣṇa expressed His surprise with the word kutaḥ, “wherefrom.” Such impurities were never expected from a person belonging to the civilized class of men known as Āryans. The word āryan is applicable to persons who know the value of life and have a civilization based on spiritual realization. Persons who are led by the material conception of life do not know that the aim of life is realization of the Absolute Truth, Viṣṇu, or Bhagavān, and they are captivated by the external features of the material world, and therefore they do not know what liberation is. Persons who have no knowledge of liberation from material bondage are called non-Āryans. Although Arjuna was a kṣatriya, he was deviating from his prescribed duties by declining to fight. This act of cowardice is described as befitting the non-Āryans. Such deviation from duty does not help one in the progress of spiritual life, nor does it even give one the opportunity to become famous in this world. Lord Kṛṣṇa did not approve of the so-called compassion of Arjuna for his kinsmen.