TEXT 4

VERZ 4

Devanagari

भूमिरापोऽनलो वायु: खं मनो बुद्धिरेव च ।
अहङ्कार इतीयं मे भिन्ना प्रकृतिरष्टधा ॥ ४ ॥

Text

Besedilo

bhūmir āpo ’nalo vāyuḥ
khaṁ mano buddhir eva ca
ahaṅkāra itīyaṁ me
bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā

Synonyms

bhūmiḥ — earth; āpaḥ — water; analaḥ — fire; vāyuḥ — air; kham — ether; manaḥ — mind; buddhiḥ — intelligence; eva — certainly; ca — and; ahaṅkāraḥ — false ego; iti — thus; iyam — all these; me — My; bhinnā — separated; prakṛtiḥ — energies; aṣṭadhā — eightfold.

bhūmiḥ – zemlja; āpaḥ – voda; analaḥ – ogenj; vāyuḥ – zrak; kham – eter; manaḥ – um; buddhiḥ – inteligenca; eva – vsekakor; ca – in; ahaṅkāraḥ – lažni ego; iti – tako; iyam – vse te; me – Moje; bhinnā – ločene; prakṛtiḥ – energije; aṣṭadhā – osmere.

Translation

Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intelligence and false ego – all together these eight constitute My separated material energies.

Zemlja, voda, ogenj, zrak, eter, um, inteligenca in lažni ego – teh osem elementov so Moje ločene materialne energije.

Purport

The science of God analyzes the constitutional position of God and His diverse energies. Material nature is called prakṛti, or the energy of the Lord in His different puruṣa incarnations (expansions) as described in the Nārada Pañcarātra, one of the Sātvata-tantras:

Znanost o Bogu proučuje večno naravo Boga in Njegovih raznolikih energij. Materialna narava se imenuje prakṛti ali energija Gospoda v Njegovih inkarnacijah (emanacijah), puruṣah. Te inkarnacije opisuje Sātvata-tantra:

viṣṇos tu trīṇi rūpāṇi
puruṣākhyāny atho viduḥ
ekaṁ tu mahataḥ sraṣṭṛ
dvitīyaṁ tv aṇḍa-saṁsthitam
tṛtīyaṁ sarva-bhūta-sthaṁ
tāni jñātvā vimucyate

“For material creation, Lord Kṛṣṇa’s plenary expansion assumes three Viṣṇus. The first one, Mahā-viṣṇu, creates the total material energy, known as the mahat-tattva. The second, Garbhodaka-śāyī Viṣṇu, enters into all the universes to create diversities in each of them. The third, Kṣīrodaka-śāyī Viṣṇu, is diffused as the all-pervading Supersoul in all the universes and is known as Paramātmā. He is present even within the atoms. Anyone who knows these three Viṣṇus can be liberated from material entanglement.”

„Popolna emanacija Gospoda Kṛṣṇe se zaradi stvarjenja materialnega sveta pojavi kot trije Viṣṇuji. Prvi, Mahā-Viṣṇu, ustvari celotno materialno energijo, ki se imenuje mahat-tattva. Drugi, Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, vstopi v vsak univerzum, da bi v njem ustvaril raznolikost. Tretji, Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, pa kot vsepričujoča Nadduša prežema vse univerzume in se imenuje Paramātmā. Prisoten je celo v atomih. Kdor pozna te tri Viṣṇuje, se lahko reši ujetosti v materialni svet.“

This material world is a temporary manifestation of one of the energies of the Lord. All the activities of the material world are directed by these three Viṣṇu expansions of Lord Kṛṣṇa. These puruṣas are called incarnations. Generally one who does not know the science of God (Kṛṣṇa) assumes that this material world is for the enjoyment of the living entities and that the living entities are the puruṣas – the causes, controllers and enjoyers of the material energy. According to Bhagavad-gītā this atheistic conclusion is false. In the verse under discussion it is stated that Kṛṣṇa is the original cause of the material manifestation. Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam also confirms this. The ingredients of the material manifestation are separated energies of the Lord. Even the brahma-jyotir, which is the ultimate goal of the impersonalists, is a spiritual energy manifested in the spiritual sky. There are no spiritual diversities in the brahma-jyotir as there are in the Vaikuṇṭha-lokas, and the impersonalist accepts this brahma-jyotir as the ultimate eternal goal. The Paramātmā manifestation is also a temporary all-pervasive aspect of the Kṣīrodaka-śāyī Viṣṇu. The Paramātmā manifestation is not eternal in the spiritual world. Therefore the factual Absolute Truth is the Supreme Personality of Godhead Kṛṣṇa. He is the complete energetic person, and He possesses different separated and internal energies.

Materialni svet je začasna pojavna oblika ene od Gospodovih energij. Ves materialni svet deluje pod nadzorom teh treh Viṣṇujev, emanacij Gospoda Kṛṣṇe. Ti puruṣe se imenujejo inkarnacije Gospoda. Tisti, ki ne poznajo znanosti o Bogu (Kṛṣṇi), so večinoma prepričani, da so živa bitja puruṣe – vzrok materialne energije, njeni upravljavci in uživalci – in da je materialni svet namenjen njihovemu uživanju. Po Bhagavad-gīti je ta ateističen zaključek napačen. Iz tega verza je razvidno, da je pravzrok materialnega sveta Kṛṣṇa. To je potrjeno tudi v Śrīmad-Bhāgavatamu. Elementi, ki sestavljajo materialni svet, so Gospodove ločene energije. Celo brahmajyoti, ki je končni cilj impersonalistov, je samo duhovna energija, manifestirana v duhovnem nebu. V njem ni duhovne raznolikosti, kakršna obstaja na Vaikuṇṭhalokah, kljub temu pa ga imajo impersonalisti za svoj končni, večni cilj. Paramātmā je samo začasen, vsepričujoč aspekt Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇuja. Ni večna, saj ni prisotna v duhovnem svetu. Absolutna Resnica je torej Vsevišnja Božanska Osebnost, Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇa je popolna oseba ter izvor in lastnik vseh raznolikih ločenih in notranjih energij.

In the material energy, the principal manifestations are eight, as above mentioned. Out of these, the first five manifestations, namely earth, water, fire, air and sky, are called the five gigantic creations or the gross creations, within which the five sense objects are included. They are the manifestations of physical sound, touch, form, taste and smell. Material science comprises these ten items and nothing more. But the other three items, namely mind, intelligence and false ego, are neglected by the materialists. Philosophers who deal with mental activities are also not perfect in knowledge because they do not know the ultimate source, Kṛṣṇa. The false ego – “I am,” and “It is mine,” which constitute the basic principle of material existence – includes ten sense organs for material activities. Intelligence refers to the total material creation, called the mahat-tattva. Therefore from the eight separated energies of the Lord are manifest the twenty-four elements of the material world, which are the subject matter of Sāṅkhya atheistic philosophy; they are originally offshoots from Kṛṣṇa’s energies and are separated from Him, but atheistic Sāṅkhya philosophers with a poor fund of knowledge do not know Kṛṣṇa as the cause of all causes. The subject matter for discussion in the Sāṅkhya philosophy is only the manifestation of the external energy of Kṛṣṇa, as it is described in the Bhagavad-gītā.

Kot že rečeno, sestavlja materialno energijo osem glavnih elementov. Prvim petim – zemlji, vodi, ognju, zraku in etru – pravimo pet velikih ali grobih elementov, ki vsebujejo tudi pet predmetov čutne zaznave: materialni zvok, tip, obliko, okus in vonj. Materialistična znanost proučuje samo teh deset elementov, ostalim trem – umu, inteligenci in lažnemu egu – pa materialisti ne posvečajo pozornosti. Psihologi, ki proučujejo delovanje uma, prav tako nimajo popolnega znanja, saj ne poznajo Kṛṣṇe, praizvora vsega. Lažni ego, zaradi katerega živo bitje razmišlja v okvirih „jaz“ in „moje“, je osnova materialnega življenja in vključuje deset čutnih organov, namenjenih materialnemu delovanju. Inteligenca predstavlja celoto elementov materialnega stvarstva, mahat-tattvo. Iz Gospodovih osmih ločenih energij se manifestira štiriindvajset elementov materialnega sveta, ki so predmet proučevanja ateistične filozofije sāṅkhye. Ti elementi so proizvod Kṛṣṇovih energij in so ločeni od Njega, toda zagovorniki ateistične filozofije sāṅkhye zaradi skromnega znanja ne vedo, da je Kṛṣṇa vzrok vseh vzrokov. filozofija sāṅkhye proučuje samo pojavne oblike Kṛṣṇove zunanje energije, kot je opisana v Bhagavad-gīti.